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Water science faces criticism because of a "techno optimism that tries to solve all problems".In fact,this issue extends beyond water science.An interdisciplinary research team led by John T.VanStan from Cleveland State University argues that scientists should go beyond the laboratory to directly observeweather phenomena.The researchers insist that hands-on observation of storm events is crucial for comprehending the complexities of wet weather."Natural scientists seem increasingly content to stay dry and rely on remote sensors and samplers,models,and virtual experiments to understand natural systems.Consequently,we can miss important stormyphenomena,imaginative inspirations,and opportunities to build intuition-all of which are critical to scientific progress,"said Van Stan's team.This type of "umbrella science",they warn,can miss important localized events.For instance,in describin g rainwater's flow from the forest treetops to the soils,the authors note that "if several branches efficiently capture and carry stormwaters to the stem,rainwater inputs to near-stem soils can be more than100 times greater."Likewise,water vapor()clouds trapped beneath forest treetop covers may escape remote detection,yet be sensitive to scientists on the ground.At the broader scale,these oversights can affect Ground Earth systems models,which often underestimate forest treetop water storage.Direct observation,however,has gone beyond making up for the shortcomings of "umbrella science."Van Stan and colleagues see core value in firsthand storm experiences-not only for natural scientists,but also students studying climate change impacts on ecosystems.32.How do people tend to react to rain?A.In a defensive manner.B.In a scientific manner.C.With a wait-and-see attitude.D.With an observation-oriented attitude.33.Why are the examples in paragraph 2 used?A.To argue that direct observations are unachievable.B.To prove that distance observation systems make sense.C.To justify direct observation that is assumed unworkable.D.To joke about techno optimism that fails to solve all problem.34.What does Van Stan's research team argue in terms of hands-on observation?A.It is effortless and preciseB.It is virtual and accepted.C.It is complex yet time-saving.D.It is crucial yet overlooked35.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A.The grounds of starting the research.B.The scientific values of conducting the research.C.The strengths of the research for eco-major learners.D.The expert evaluations of the research across disciplines.高三十二月联合考试第7页(共12页)
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